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ripe-448: Autonomous System (AS) Number Assignment Policies and Procedures ripe-085: Guidelines For The Delegation Of Zones In The 193.in-addr.arpa Domai

Introduction insert: <br />
insert: <br />
This document describes the procedures for the delegation of au- insert: <br />
thority of zones in the 193.in-addr.arpa domain. As of March insert: <br />
16th 1993 the RIPE NCC has been delegated the authority for the insert: <br />
193.in-addr.arpa domain from the root. Due to the fact that in insert: <br />
the 193.x.y address space blocks of 256 class C network numbers insert: <br />
are further delegated to local registries , the possibility ex- insert: <br />
ists to also delegate the zone for these blocks in the 193.in- insert: <br />
addr.arpa domain. This document describes some guidelines and insert: <br />
procedures for this type of delegation and the delegation of re- insert: <br />
verse zones for individual class C networks in 193.x.y. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
insert: <br />
A bit more explained insert: <br />
insert: <br />
With the assignment of class C network numbers following the CIDR insert: <br />
(RFC 1338) model, in which large chunks of the address space are insert: <br />
delegated to one region, and within that region blocks of class C insert: <br />
network numbers are delegated to service providers and non- insert: <br />
provider registries, some hierarchy in the address space is insert: <br />
created, similar to the hierarchy in the domain name space. Due insert: <br />
to this hierarchy the reverse Domain Name System mapping can also insert: <br />
be delegated in a similar model as used for the normal Domain insert: <br />
Name System. For instance, the RIPE NCC has been assigned the insert: <br />
complete class C address space starting with 193. It is there- insert: <br />
fore possible to delegate the 193.in-addr.arpa domain completely insert: <br />
to the RIPE NCC, instead of each and every reverse mapping in the insert: <br />
193.in-addr.arpa domain to be registered with the INTERNIC. This insert: <br />
implies that all 193.in-addr.arpa resistrations will be done by insert: <br />
the RIPE NCC. Even better, since service providers receive com- insert: <br />
plete class C network blocks from the RIPE NCC, the RIPE NCC can insert: <br />
delegate the reverse registrations for such complete blocks to insert: <br />
these local registries. This implies that customers of these insert: <br />
service providers no longer have to register their reverse domain insert: <br />
mapping with the root, but the service provider have authority insert: <br />
over that part of the reverse mapping. This decreases the work- insert: <br />
load on the INTERNIC and the RIPE NCC, and at the same time in- insert: <br />
crease the service a provider can offer its customers by improve insert: <br />
response times for reverse mapping changes . However there are insert: <br />
some things that need to be examined a bit more closely to avoid insert: <br />
confusion and inconsistencies. These issues are covered in the insert: <br />
next section. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
insert: <br />
Procedures for the delegation of direct subdomains of 193.in- insert: <br />
addr.arpa insert: <br />
insert: <br />
1. A secondary nameserver at ns.ripe.net is mandatory for all insert: <br />
blocks of class C network numbers delegated in the 193.in- insert: <br />
addr.arpa domain. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
2. Because of the increasing importance of correct reverse ad- insert: <br />
dress mapping, for all delegated blocks a good set of secondaries insert: <br />
must be defined. There should be at least 2 nameservers for all insert: <br />
blocks delegated, excluding the RIPE NCC secondary. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
3. The delegation of a class C block in the 193.in-addr.arpa insert: <br />
domain can be requested by sending in a domain object for the insert: <br />
RIPE database to <[email protected]> with all necessary contact insert: <br />
and nameserver information. The RIPE NCC will then forward all insert: <br />
current reverse zones inside this block to the registry, and insert: <br />
after addition of these by the registry, the NCC will check the insert: <br />
working of the reverse server. Once everything is setup proper- insert: <br />
ly, the NCC will delegate the block, and submit the database ob- insert: <br />
ject for inclusion in the database. An example domain object can insert: <br />
be found at the end of this document. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
4. All reverse servers for blocks must be reachable from the insert: <br />
whole of the Internet. In short, all servers must meet similar insert: <br />
connectivity requirements as top-level domain servers. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
5. Running the reverse server for class C blocks does not imply insert: <br />
that one controls that part of the reverse domain, it only im- insert: <br />
plies that one administers that part of the reverse domain. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
6. Before adding individual nets, the administrator of a reverse insert: <br />
domain must check wether all servers to be added for these nets insert: <br />
are indeed setup properly. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
7. There are some serious implications when a customer of a ser- insert: <br />
vice provider that uses address space out of the service provider insert: <br />
class C blocks, moves to another service provider. The previous insert: <br />
service provider cannot force its ex-customer to change network insert: <br />
addresses, and will have to continue to provide the appropriate insert: <br />
delegation records for reverse mapping of these addresses, even insert: <br />
though it they are no longer belonging to a customer. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
8. The registration of the reverse zones for individual class C insert: <br />
networks will usually be done by the registry administering the insert: <br />
class C block this network has been assigned from. The registry insert: <br />
will make the necessary changes to the zone, and update the net- insert: <br />
work objects in the RIPE database for these networks, to reflect insert: <br />
the correct "rev-srv" fields. In case the RIPE NCC receives a insert: <br />
request for the reverse zone of an individual class C network out insert: <br />
of a block that has been delegated, the request will be forwarded insert: <br />
to the zone contact for this reverse block. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
9. The NCC advises the following timers and counters for direct insert: <br />
subdomains of 193.in-addr.arpa: 8 hours refresh (28800 seconds), insert: <br />
2 hours retry (7200 seconds), 7 days expire (604800 seconds) and insert: <br />
1 day Time To Live (86400 seconds). The retry counter should be insert: <br />
lowered where connectivity is unstable. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
Above procedures are defined to ensure the necessary high availa- insert: <br />
bility for the 193 reverse domains, and to minimize confusion. insert: <br />
The NCC will ensure fast repsonse times for addition requests, insert: <br />
and will in principle update the 193.in-addr.arpa domain at least insert: <br />
once per working day. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
Example domain object to request a block delegation insert: <br />
insert: <br />
domain: 202.193.in-addr.arpa insert: <br />
descr: Pan European Organisations class C block insert: <br />
admin-c: Daniel Karrenberg insert: <br />
tech-c: Marten Terpstra insert: <br />
zone-c: Marten Terpstra insert: <br />
nserver: ns.eu.net insert: <br />
nserver: sunic.sunet.se insert: <br />
nserver: ns.ripe.net insert: <br />
changed: [email protected] 930319 insert: <br />
source: RIPE insert: <br />
insert: <br />
insert: <br />
insert: <br />
Procedures for the delegation of individual network zones by the insert: <br />
RIPE NCC. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
The registration of the reverse zones for individual class C net- insert: <br />
works will usually be done by the registry administering the insert: <br />
class C block this network has been assigned from. In case the insert: <br />
zone corresponding to the class C block has not been delegated, insert: <br />
the RIPE NCC will automatically add the reverse nameserver as insert: <br />
specified in the "rev-srv" attribute of the RIPE database object insert: <br />
for this network, using the following procedures: insert: <br />
insert: <br />
1. Because of the increasing importance of correct reverse ad- insert: <br />
dress mapping, for all delegated networks a good set of secon- insert: <br />
daries must be defined. There should be at least two nameservers insert: <br />
for all networks delegated. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
2. The "rev-srv" field should ONLY contain one fully qualified insert: <br />
domain name of a nameserver which is authoritative for the re- insert: <br />
verse zone for this network. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
3. If a network has or is going to have any external connectivi- insert: <br />
ty, it is strongly recommended that it has at least one reverse insert: <br />
nameserver that can be reached from all of the Internet. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
4. The checking and addition of the reverse zones for single net- insert: <br />
works is completely automated at the RIPE NCC. Although we do insert: <br />
our best to check the setup of the nameservers, these does not insert: <br />
receive the same level of scrutiny as nameservers for blocks of insert: <br />
class C network numbers. It is the responsibility of the network insert: <br />
contacts to ensure proper operation. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
5. Any problems regarding the reverse zones in 193.in-addr.arpa insert: <br />
should be directed to <[email protected]>. insert: <br />
insert: <br />
The NCC also suggests that similar procedures are set up for the insert: <br />
delegation of reverse zones for individual class C networks from insert: <br />
the registries to individual organisations. insert: </p>

Autonomous System (AS) Number Assignment Policies and Procedures Guidelines For The Delegation Of Zones In The 193.in-addr.arpa Domain
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